Stage 6 

al, ed endings,  er,  y (ee),  ly,  ea (e)

Remember that if your student seems to be getting anything confused, then you are in charge, not this programme. Stop and repeat anything that is uncertain and play games or do what is necessary to re-enforce the concept.
Follow the weekly teaching programme as outlined here.

al



Children usually  find this one fairly easy.

Make a flashcard and practice as usual.

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Basic words:

ball
call  
small
fall
hall
tall
wall .
talk
walk

Odd Words:
their  - talk about this meaning 'belonging to them'.
friend
because

al - dictation

Dictation for Friday

Sam has a small red ball. He kicks it at the tall wall. Dad calls and Sam runs indoors.
Sam falls and hurts his foot. He cannot walk.

al - Basic Plus reading

For reading practice

Then practice by reading these:
falls
calls
walls
stall 
hospital  (hos pi tal)
chalk
stalk
halt

These have a single 'l', but same sound:
talk  talking 
walk  walking 
salt
Look at the next section on this page, 'ed' endings

We are all good at reading.
We shall walk to the hospital.
Can you hear Ben calling?
I can catch my ball.
You might fall!

Reading book

Read the Bible!

'ed' endings

This isn't a spelling lesson at this stage, it's a reading lesson . We do not expect pupils to spell words ending in 'ed' in this section of the programme.
At this stage we will introduce your student to one way of making verbs past tense. You can explain this to them like that, or you can just say that the letters 'ed' on the end of a word turn a doing word (a verb) into something that has already happened. Read them:
'I walk.'   'Yesterday I walked.'
' I talk.' 'Yesterday I talked,'

Sometimes the letters 'ed' just make a 't' sound, like walked and talked. Other times they make an 'id' sound, like in
rested,

Let them read this list of words to see how it works: They should know how to sound them all now.

helped
called
talked
walked
boiled
oiled
yawned
crawled

But:
rested
shouted
sounded

Help your student with these endings when they encounter them in their reading.

er

An easier one. Often found at the ends of words. For the spelling  of most of these words, the pupil needs only to recognise that the 'er' sound at the end of a word is made with the letters 'er'
Make a flashcard to add to the daily pile.

Basic words:

her 
were (silent 'e')   
jumper 
sister 
winter
supper  Remember, two p's or it will be super.
dinner   Remember to double the 'n' to keep the vowel short or it will be 'diner'.
September 
yesterday

Odd words for reading only:
where
there

er - dictation

Dictation for Friday
It was September. Sam and his sister were helping Tom with the farm. They were his helpers.  Winter was coming.  Mum was inside cooking supper.

Teaching note: I have included words not on the main list in this dictation. Help your student to hear the 'er' sound at the ends of the words.

er - Basic Plus reading

Now try these - you will find lots more as there are many of them.

hammer
hanger
finger
under
supper
letter
slippers
herd (explain this is a herd of cows not when you have heard something)
herb fern
verb (say this is what we call a 'doing' word, an action, like jumping, cooking etc...)
shep - herd  (break it up and help if they can't hear shepherd.)
ever
referee
person

Words with powerful 'e':
over 
paper
tiger
diver
computer (u-e family)

See if your student can think of others and make them with the letters.

For reading practice

Tom's birthday is in September.
I must not get dirt on this jumper or I will spoil it.
The shepherd has lots of sheep.
In winter we light a fire.
The farm house is here.
Were you going to the shops today?
Peter has a sister called Anne.
In September, the apples can be picked.
Yesterday we went to the park.
Where is my jumper?  There it is!

Worksheets
Easier                                                                                                                                       harder

Reading book                                 Read the Bible! Psalms to colour

y saying 'ee' at the end of a word.

Another nice easy one which will hopefully be picked up easily.
For your information, no English word ends with 'i', so if we want an 'i' sound at the need of a word, we must use 'y' instead. I personally think it says more of an 'ee' sound, so I teach my pupils that it says 'ee'. Try it for yourself. Say 'Mummy'. What sound did you hear on the end, 'i' or 'ee'? Now teach what ever you decided to your pupil!

Make a flashcard with just 'y' on it and explain that this letter says 'ee'(or 'i' if that's what you hear) when it is at the end of a word.
This is a good time to explain that the letter 'y' is like a vowel. It says 'y' as in  yellow, or 'ee/i' at the end of words (and 'igh' at the end of other words, which we will meet soon).

Basic words:

Mummy
Daddy
sorry
happy
frosty
windy
sunny
rainy
very
story

Odd words for spelling (we have met them for reading already):
any
many

y (ee) - dictation

Dictation for Friday:



It is very windy and rainy today. Pam has many good story books she can read. Mum is happy that Pam likes reading.

y (ee) - Basic Plus reading

Now try to read these:

tummy
grumpy
lumpy
dusty

These next ones use the knowledge of powerful 'e'. Tell your student that powerful 'y' can stand in for 'e' and pretend to be a vowel. In these words, the 'y' is changing the vowel to say its name rather than its sound, just like powerful 'e' does.

baby
lady
shady
tidy
Judy

Again, see if your student can think of others and look out for them in reading books.

Sentences for reading practice:

The baby can crawl.
The lady has a blue dress on.
Mummy is reading me a story.
Daddy is digging in the garden.
Your Daddy is tall.
Four grumpy girls sat on a wall.
I like tea to be milky.
It is very windy today.

Reading books

Adding 'ly' to words -

Your student may have already come across this ending but if they haven't now is a good time to practice it.
'ly' most commonly turns adjectives into adverbs e.g. bad into badly, but there are some exceptions. I never told this to a young child in my whole teaching career, it's something they will learn later in grammar lessons, but I mention it out of interest.
Having just learnt that 'y' often pretends it is a vowel saying 'i' then these words simply sound out.
Here are some words to practice - don't make a flashcard, there is no need. Write them one at a time on a blackboard or whiteboard for your student to read, and in another session, let them try writing some too.

Basic words:

simply
badly
gladly
crossly
family
hardly
daily
safely
foolishly 

Odd Words for reading only:
who (like do and to)
hello (some children do sound it out - it sounds funny, but they like it!)
once (think of one)
does (link to 'do')

ly - dictation

Dictation for Friday:

The family are simply longing to go on holiday. They can hardly wait until June.
Sam ticks the days off daily on a chart.

ly - Basic Plus reading


Try this: delight -- delighted --- delightedly

Sentences for reading practice:

There are six children in my family.
I foolishly forgot my P.E. kit.
We crossed the road safely.
I can hardly wait for my birthday!
This is simply the best.
Once I forgot my packed lunch.
Does your mum like dogs?
Who is that man in the black coat?
Hello, it's good to meet you!

'ea' saying 'e' as in bread

We have already met 'ea' saying 'ee', now we meet it's partner. For these cards with two sounds but the same letters, we don't make another flashcard, but rather make both sounds when we get to that card. So for 'ea' you should teach your child to say 'ee' and 'eh' for the 'ea' flashcard.

After explaining that 'ea' sometimes say 'ee' but they also sometimes say 'eh' let your student try these words. Gently remind them if they forget - or let them try 'ee' and see if it makes sense first - it might! Then get them to try 'eh'.

Basic words:

bread
read (try both!
deaf

ready (did they remember the 'ee' sound at the end?
steady
heavy

dead
head
instead

ea (e) - dictation

Dictation for Friday:

June is ready to go shopping. She needs more bread. The bag will be heavy. She cannot ride her bike. Tom will take her in the car instead.

Teaching notes: Talk about cannot as being two words joined together, can and not.

ea (e) - reading

Now read these harder ones:
feather
weather heather leather
heaven
instead weapon
healthy wealthy

Sentences for reading practice:

'Are you ready?'
Gran is deaf in one ear.
We eat bread with jam.
This bag is heavy.
I am hot and sweaty.
I read a story to my Gran.
The bag is too heavy.